Ah, @saqimtiaz gave you shorthand for listing links. But the basic mechanism of the list widget can be used to show whatever you like about the tiddlers in question.
For example, the following code would work with that initial list of tiddlers (for other paintings by the same artist) and show the title for the tiddler, followed by the date (in parens), and then the contents of a “gallery” field (imagining you might have a field showing where the painting is displayed):
<$list filter="[Painter{!!Painter}] :except[<currentTiddler>]">
{{!!title}} ({{!!date}}) {{!!gallery}} <br>
</$list>
UNSOLICITED ADVICE 
: For what it’s worth, I would not recommend having a field in the painter’s “home” tiddler that stores a list of their works. A field is rarely the best place to house a list (with this exception: tags automatically use their list field to track your preferred ordering of tagged items, without your having to interact with that field).
Using a field to house a list (when you also have tiddlers for the listed items) leads to double-maintenance burdens, and potential confusion. Once your list gets long, it’s especially brittle (easy to mess up the field or to interrupt the double-bracket syntax needed for multi-word titles, etc.).
Instead, just have a tiddler for each painting, and make the painter’s “home” tiddler find (and display a list for) exactly the relevant painting-tiddlers:
<$list filter="[Painter<currentTiddler>]">
{{!!title}} ({{!!date}}) {{!!gallery}} <br>
</$list>
AH, editing to add: You did ask about a template.
The idea is pretty much the same. Create a tiddler called (for example) paintings-overview and having contents however you like. On my simple version, the “guts” of the list were like this, but I’ll add an image widget, floated off to the right:
@@float:right; <$image width="120" source={{!!image}}>@@
{{!!title}} ({{!!date}}) {{!!gallery}} <br>
Then, your list could look like this:
<$list filter="[Painter<currentTiddler>]">
{{||paintings-overview}}
</$list>
What’s nice here is that this same template could also be used for other lists. (And of course editing the template is a very efficient way to get your preferred view showing up everywhere at once.) For example, all paintings with the tag “flowers” could be displayed with your template, or all that have “MoMA” listed in the gallery field, etc.
You could also consider using a thumbnail gallery, which is a bit more complex, but makes a nice set of clickable images. Learn more here:
https://tiddlywiki.com/#list-thumbnails%20Macro%20(Examples)
), but how should I use this filter to make the list appear?