Do you know how macros work? The macros can be more complex that widgets and wikitext, because they can wrap widgets and wikitext. The macros are smart templates what they can use parameters. So the macros, as templates, can be expect especific kind of parameter to work.
In the example you see the macro with the first parameter which is a filter, you can use other filter. For example the basics filter that you are thinking:
Since list-inks is a macro <<list-links As documented here as a result parameters are either positional eg the first is the filter parameter or you need to name them, unlike widgets we need to use the colon “:” rather than equal “=”.
<<list-links filter:"...">>
You can see this macro defined in ## $:/core/macros/list the parameters and default values;
You can learn a lot about making macros or using wiki text looking at the provided core macros. Here is the above simplified for use directly in wikitext.
<ul>
<$list filter=".." emptyMessage="empty">
<li>
<$link to={{!!title}}>
<$transclude field="caption"><!-- use caption as link name OR title -->
<$view field="title"/>
</$transclude>
</$link>
</li>
</$list>
</ul>