Is there a way to create a link [permalink] to a tiddler that doesn't break if the tiddler name changes?

Reading your title I thought you just need the relink plugin! Relink — flexibility when relinking renamed tiddlers

But I’ve retitled your post, because you seem to be talking about permalinks.

Perhaps this is helpful: Permaviews plugin - Open predefined tiddlers with a customizable permalink

or this: How to customize permalinks?

Remember that permalinks can use any filter language, with a colon after the hashtag, like this: https://tiddlywiki.com/prerelease/#:[tag[About]] (not sure why this forum refuses to include the second closing bracket in the url — copy the whole url to clipboard, including second bracket).

So, if you can nail down anything that you know you’re not going to change in a tiddler (a certain field value, etc.) then you can build a permalink out of that.