The core backlinks functionality (tab in info, backlinks operator) takes into account only “hard” links, e.g. [[B]].
Afaik, the core has no functionality to analyze the more complex references/links like macros.
The Relink plugin can do it however. All references such as macros are shown in “Relink backreferences” tab. It is preconfigured to understand core macros (such as translink) and can be configured to understand your custom macros as well.
If you have further questions, feel free to ask!