I think regular expressions are going to be the sanest way if you want to do it with native TW tools, and if you want to do it all the time.
But if this is a one time thing (looking for a lost CSS), a different approach is to open your developer console:
document.querySelectorAll("*[class]");
Save the list. Then run a routine to mark all tiddlers (and shadows, I guess) as Stylesheets. Then run the query a second time and look for new classes. Then look for tiddlers containing those classes.
If you authored the stylesheets you may know something about the content that can helpsearch like contains lines with only } or searching for tiddlers with lines beginning .tc- etc…