If you have a Data Dictionary or (flat) JSON Data tiddler you can read and write to/from using index as available in a number of widgets, and using ## rather than !! for fields, however this provides only one key.
- In my example I suggest bypassing this method
I am still thinking about this 
[Update]
Bi Directional is more than that needed in this case. @intrinsical is asking for what we may call a reverse lookup, get the key from the value. The data needs to be maintained correctly so it does not result in multiple values returned. Limiting the key to a single character is a way to do this.
- In fact this phonetic alphabet need only be a list of words as the first character is always the key and this can be found in the value
I am very interested in a full “bi-directional data dictionary”, TiddlyWiki does have the tools and capabilities to implement a range of structures and relationships and through smart design we can build an intermediate layer to get and put to a (data) tiddler. All we need is to build the appropriate algorithm, in addition to @EricShulman’s example (below) to handle the second value as unique. Including if we try to write “Delta:” when “D:Delta” exists.